美国国家航空航天局(NASA)正致力于寻找在未来太空长期飞行或者尝试移居开拓其他星球时,能够有一个既可处理人类的废弃物又满足于燃料需求的两全之计。据物理学家组织网4月16日报道,为达此目的,NASA将塑料管漂浮在海水中作为小型生物反应器,用其中的废水、二氧化碳结合阳光种植出可制造生物燃料的藻类。这套高达1000万美元、被称为生长藻类海上膜罩(OMEGA)的研究系统于4月17日在旧金山东南部一个污水处理厂开放展示。
该项目负责人、生命支持工程师乔纳森·特伦特说,OMEGA采用的是一个创新的方法来种植藻类、清洁废水、捕获二氧化碳,并最终产生生物燃料。此系统使用污水作为藻类的生长介质,不与农业争新鲜水、抢肥料或侵占土地。OMEGA由一个个大型柔性塑料管组成,漂浮在海上。这些塑料管被称为光生物反应器,容纳可在废水中生长的淡水藻类,而这些藻类是地球上生长最快的植物之一。
特伦特介绍说,这个思路非常切合实际。最初的想法是创建一个类似于废物处理设施且又不占用土地的藻类农场,而现在发展成为用塑料管漂浮在海上的想法,有别于在陆地上建立巨大水池的传统系统。实验中,他们在每个长约4米的管状袋里的废水和二氧化碳中播了种;漂浮在海上的透明塑料包装管可让阳光照进;海水不仅可以作为放置这些塑料管的地方,也有助于给藻类降温;藻类“吃”废水而成长,直到管子被填满,此时就可把藻类从中移出用于制造生物燃料。
迄今的报告表明,以这种方式建立藻类农场每年将能够在不到两平方英里的地区生产超过2.5百万加仑的燃料。特伦特说,由于现在用的是基于石油的塑料管,有一天在海水中会降解增加其固有的碳足迹,因此建立这样一个真正的农场,二氧化碳可从附近的发电厂获得,有助于减少整个过程的碳足迹。他还表示,如果一个或多个管遭遇暴风雨时破裂,不用担心藻类会死在海水里,而释放的废水将由污水处理设施用泵送入海湾。
显然,新型塑料还有待开发以促使这个项目更为可行,特别是未来将该系统移植应用于太空探索。或许可以用生物降解材料制造塑料管,以便其最终可作肥料使用。(生物谷Bioon.com)
Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae (OMEGA) is an innovative method to grow algae, clean wastewater, capture carbon dioxide and to ultimately produce biofuel without competing with agriculture for water, fertilizer or land.
NASA’s OMEGA system consists of large flexible plastic tubes, called photobioreactors. Floating in seawater, the photobioreactors contain freshwater algae growing in wastewater. These algae are among the fastest growing plants on Earth.
The algae use energy from the sun, carbon dioxide and nutrients from the wastewater to produce biomass that can be converted into biofuels as well as other useful products such as fertilizer and animal food. The algae clean the wastewater by removing nutrients that otherwise would contribute to marine deadzone formation.
NASA’s project goals are to investigate the technical feasibility of a unique floating algae cultivation system and prepare the way for commercial applications. Research by scientists and engineers has demonstrated that OMEGA is an effective way to grow microalgae and treat wastewater on a small scale.
The OMEGA system is being investigated by NASA as an alternative way to produce aviation fuels. Potential implications of replacing fossil fuels include reducing the release of green house gases, decreasing ocean acidification, and enhancing national security.