含有连续鸟嘌呤碱基的核苷酸能够形成G-四链体结构,倾向形成G-四链体结构的序列(PQS)广泛分布在原核生物和真核生物的基因组中,G-四链体结构参与一些重要的生理和病理过程,如DNA的复制,转录和癌症的发生等。然而对于G-四链体结构如何在基因组中产生这一问题仍然不清楚。
中科院动物研究所端粒与衰老研究组最近的研究发现,双链DNA转录过程中在RNA聚合酶后方形成的负超螺旋能够诱导产生G-四链体结构。进一步的结果表明,转录诱导G-四链体的产生可以有效地在远离转录起始位点数千碱基的地方发生,同时改变上游地区蛋白质对DNA的识别和相互作用。这一特性提示基因组DNA双链中下游基因的转录能够远距离地影响和调节上游DNA的结构和相关的生物学功能。或者说,能够形成G-四链体结构的序列作为感应元件能够远距离感应下游转录事件的发生,所形成的G-四链体结构进一步作为调控元件调控基因的转录或其它生理活动。与这一特性相对应,该研究利用生物信息学的方法,发现恒温动物中能够形成G-四链体结构的序列富集在基因的上游,但是在基因的下游几乎不存在富集现象。它表明这些功能为进化所选择。
该项研究成果于5月28日在线发表在Nucleic Acids Research上,并被推荐到Faculty of 1000。
该论文的通讯作者是谭铮研究员,第一作者是博士研究生张超。
该项研究工作得到科技部“973”国家重点项目、国家自然科学基金的资助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
相关阅读
童坦君院士、谭铮研究员:端粒研究方兴未艾
生物谷推荐英文摘要
Nucl. Acids Res. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt443
DNA G-quadruplex formation in response to remote downstream transcription activity: long-range sensing and signal transducing in DNA double helix
G-quadruplexes, four-stranded structures formed by Guanine-rich nucleic acids, are implicated in many physiological and pathological processes. G-quadruplex-forming sequences are abundant in genomic DNA, and G-quadruplexes have recently been shown to exist in the genome of mammalian cells. However, how G-quadruplexes are formed in the genomes remains largely unclear. Here, we show that G-quadruplex formation can be remotely induced by downstream transcription events that are thousands of base pairs away. The induced G-quadruplexes alter protein recognition and cause transcription termination at the local region. These results suggest that a G-quadruplex-forming sequence can serve as a sensor or receiver to sense remote DNA tracking activity in response to the propagation of mechanical torsion in a DNA double helix. We propose that the G-quadruplex formation may provide a mean for long-range sensing and communication between distal genomic locations to coordinate regulatory transactions in genomic DNA.