自然杀伤T淋巴细胞(natural killer T cells,NKT细胞)是一类同时表达恒定的T淋巴细胞受体(TCR)αβ(人为Vα24/Vβ11,鼠为Vα14/Vβ8)和NK细胞标志的T细胞亚群,主要经抗原提呈细胞表面CD1d提呈的糖脂类抗原活化,并迅速地释放大量的IFNγ和IL-4等细胞因子,通过调节Th1/Th2细胞间的平衡,在自身免疫性疾病、抗感染、抗肿瘤等方面发挥重要的作用。
Vα24恒定表达的NKT细胞通过靶向肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAMs)来抑制肿瘤生长。因此,肿瘤的演进依赖于TAMs逃避NKT细胞的杀伤性作用,但是该作用的潜在机制目前还不明确。
近日,来自美国贝勒医学院的研究人员Leonid S. Metelitsa等人发现,IL-15能够保护NKT细胞免受TAMs对它的抑制作用,并增强其抗转移活性。相关论文发表在5月8日的The Journal of Clinical Investigation。
他们发现,来自成神经细胞瘤(NB)细胞系及原发肿瘤的一些细胞表达了膜结合型的TNF-α(mbTNF-α)。这些促炎性肿瘤细胞通过激活NF-κB信号通路,诱导了肿瘤相关巨噬细胞趋化因子CCL20的产生,而且这种作用在低氧情况下会被放大。
利用流式细胞术分析人类原发性成神经细胞瘤,他们发现,CCL20能够在肿瘤相关巨噬细胞内选择性积累。
在体外,对趋化因子的中和能够抑制NKT细胞迁移到缺氧的单核细胞;在小鼠,中和趋化因子也抑制了NKT细胞定位到移植的成神经细胞瘤。
他们还发现,缺氧损伤了NKT细胞的活性及功能。为此Leonid S. Metelitsa表示,产生CCL20的TAMs可以对肿瘤浸润的NKT细胞产生一个缺氧陷阱(hypoxic trap)的作用。
结果表明,IL-15保护了抗原激活的NKT细胞免受缺氧伤害。有趣的是,在老鼠模型,转基因表达IL-15的NKT细胞的抗迁移活性显著增加。(生物谷Deepblue编译)
doi: 10.1172/JCI59535
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IL-15 protects NKT cells from inhibition by tumor-associated macrophages and enhances antimetastatic activity
Daofeng Liu, Liping Song, Jie Wei, Amy N. Courtney, Xiuhua Gao, Ekaterina Marinova, Linjie Guo, Andras Heczey, Shahab Asgharzadeh, Eugene Kim1, Gianpietro Dotti and Leonid S. Metelitsa.
Vα24-invariant NKT cells inhibit tumor growth by targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Tumor progression therefore requires that TAMs evade NKT cell activity through yet-unknown mechanisms.Here we report that a subset of cells in neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines and primary tumors expresses membrane-bound TNF-α (mbTNF-α).These proinflammatory tumor cells induced production of the chemokine CCL20 from TAMs via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, an effect that was amplified in hypoxia. Flow cytometry analyses of human primary NB tumors revealed selective accumulation of CCL20 in TAMs.Neutralization of the chemokine inhibited in vitro migration of NKT cells toward tumor-conditioned hypoxic monocytes and localization of NKT cells to NB grafts in mice.We also found that hypoxia impaired NKT cell viability and function. Thus, CCL20-producing TAMs served as a hypoxic trap for tumor-infiltrating NKT cells.IL-15 protected antigen-activated NKT cells from hypoxia, and transgenic expression of IL-15 in adoptively transferred NKT cells dramatically enhanced their antimetastatic activity in mice.Thus, tumor-induced chemokine production in hypoxic TAMs and consequent chemoattraction and inhibition of NKT cells represents a mechanism of immune escape that can be reversed by adoptive immunotherapy with IL-15–transduced NKT cells