2月7日,发表了中科院上海生命科学院生化与细胞所王恩多研究组的最新研究成果:亮氨酰-tRNA合成酶具有不依赖tRNA的转移前编校。
氨基酰-tRNA合成酶(AARS)在体内催化合成氨基酰-tRNA,为蛋白质生物合成提供原料。通常,该催化反应为两步反应,首先氨基酸被ATP活化,生成反应中间体氨基酰-AMP,然后被活化的氨基酸转移到tRNA的3’末端,生成氨基酰-tRNA。该催化反应的精确性对遗传信息的翻译、蛋白质的功能甚至生物体生存至关重要。一些AARS在漫长的进化过程中获得编校功能来水解错误的中间体或错误的产物,以保证反应的精确性、避免错误的氨基酸参入蛋白质。AARS对错误氨基酸转移到tRNA之前和之后的编校分别称为转移前和转移后的编校。王恩多组2000年首次报道了亮氨酰-tRNA合成酶(LeuRS)具有发生在独立编校结构域(CP1)的转移后的编校。是否LeuRS具有其它的编校途径?
王恩多组的朱斌,姚鹏和谭敏发现进化树底部的超嗜热菌 Aquifex aeolicus 的LeuRS (AaLeuRS) 具有不依赖tRNA的转移前编校活力,可以直接水解被AaLeuRS误活化的氨基酸。其活性中心不在CP1结构域,而在氨基酰化活性中心,AaLeuRS催化误活化氨基酸的水解速度远高于误活化氨基酸自发水解的速度。本篇工作的意义在于发现:LeuRS的氨基酰化活性中心除了通过氨基酸的分子大小来“粗筛”氨基酸底物以外,还具有对反应中间体的“细筛”功能,进而揭示了AARS催化反应的精确性是多层次、多结构域共同协同作用的结果。
该项目受到国家科技部、国家基金委及上海市科委的经费支持。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 284, Issue 6, 3418-3424, February 6, 2009
tRNA-independent Pretransfer Editing by Class I Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase*
Bin Zhu1, Peng Yao1, Min Tan1, Gilbert Eriani, and En-Duo Wang2
From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China and the Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, 15 Rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA in a two-step reaction starting with amino acid activation followed by aminoacyl group transfer to tRNA. To clear mistakes that occasionally occur, some of these enzymes carry out editing activities, acting on the misactivated amino acid (pretransfer editing) or after the transfer on the tRNA (post-transfer editing). The post-transfer editing pathway of leucyl-tRNA synthetase has been extensively studied by structural and biochemical approaches. Here, we report the finding of a tRNA-independent pretransfer editing pathway in leucyl-tRNA synthetases from Aquifex aeolicus. Using a CP1-mutant defective in its post-transfer editing function, we showed that this new editing pathway is distinct from the post-transfer editing site and may occur at the synthetic catalytic site, as recently proposed for other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.