生物谷:当身体细胞内DNA链发生破损时,通常其修复不需要很多时间。现在,来自瑞典医科大学Karolinska研究所的科学家发现了一种能解释这些修复过程的新机制。结果发表在Science上。
这一研究主要针对一种称为结合的过程,它是细胞核中两个染色体通过一个称为cohesin的蛋白联合体紧密结合在一起的现象。在细胞分裂过程中这起着非常重要的作用,因为新复制的染色单体需要结合在一起,以等待合适的时机分离。如果染色单体分离得过早,则子代细胞存在染色体数量错误的风险,这在肿瘤细胞中常被观测到。
而最近Camilla Sjogren博士和她的研究小组证实,这一结合过程在细胞修复损伤的染色单体过程中同样起着重要作用。结果显示,DNA破损能重新激活此过程,这一发现和传统观点不同,传统意义上认为结合过程只在细胞分裂前的DNA复制过程中发生。
科学家们长期以来惊叹于复制得到的染色体分裂的方式,它们能如此精确的将一半的遗传物质传递给其子代细胞。而另一个大的研究课题则是细胞如何修复受损的DNA,并由此预防癌症等疾病的发生。
Sjogren博士表示:“我们的研究结果证明,染色体的分离以及DNA修复过程部分程度上是通过相同的机制实现的。这些发现为我们提供了对于这两个基本细胞学机制的深入了解,并且可能对于癌症的研究有所帮助。”
(教育部科技发展中心)
原文链接:http://www.physorg.com/news103543773.html
原始出处:
Science 13 July 2007:
Vol. 317. no. 5835, pp. 242 - 245
DOI: 10.1126/science.1140649
Postreplicative Formation of Cohesion Is Required for Repair and Induced by a Single DNA Break
Lena Ström,1 Charlotte Karlsson,1 Hanna Betts Lindroos,1 Sara Wedahl,1 Yuki Katou,2 Katsuhiko Shirahige,2 Camilla Sjögren1*
Sister-chromatid cohesion, established during replication by the protein complex cohesin, is essential for both chromosome segregation and double-strand break (DSB) repair. Normally, cohesion formation is strictly limited to the S phase of the cell cycle, but DSBs can trigger cohesion also after DNA replication has been completed. The function of this damage-induced cohesion remains unknown. In this investigation, we show that damage-induced cohesion is essential for repair in postreplicative cells in yeast. Furthermore, it is established genome-wide after induction of a single DSB, and it is controlled by the DNA damage response and cohesin-regulating factors. We thus define a cohesion establishment pathway that is independent of DNA duplication and acts together with cohesion formed during replication in sister chromatid–based DSB repair.
1 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
2 Gene Research Centre, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, 226-8501 Yokohama, Japan.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: camilla.sjogren@ki.se