来自法国巴黎大学(Université de Paris René Descartes)Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses实验室,上海交通大学瑞金医院基因组与生命科学中法实验室,以及Scripps研究院等处的研究人员发现了一个单基因突变与对一个单个疾病的免疫抵抗力的一对一的关系,这与之前所认为的多个基因的作用使健康人群易受一种常见疾病的感染的理解并不相同。这一研究成果公布在本期(9月15日)《Science》杂志上。
单纯疱疹脑炎(herpes simplex encephalitis,HSE)是西方国家常见的一种 脑炎,其发病机理至今尚不清楚。Armanda Casrouge等人发现一个单基因缺陷也许是单纯疱疹脑炎的罪魁祸首,这一发现也许对我们如何思考传染的遗传抵抗有令人惊讶的影响,它也可能帮助解释为什么只有很少的人患这类脑炎。
研究人员在一个叫UNC-93B的蛋白中发现了一个罕见的、使两个儿童易患单纯疱疹脑炎的突变,该蛋白被认为与细胞的抗病毒响应有关。这两位儿童对其它的病原体有强的免疫应答,表明该基因突变只让他们对单纯疱疹病毒1变得易感。这说明了一个单个基因突变可能与对一个单个疾病的免疫抵抗力的一对一的关系。
英文原文:
Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis in Human UNC-93B Deficiency
Armanda Casrouge, Shen-Ying Zhang, Céline Eidenschenk, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Anne Puel, Kun Yang, Alexandre Alcais, Capucine Picard, Nora Mahfoufi, Nathalie Nicolas, Lazaro Lorenzo, Sabine Plancoulaine, Brigitte Sénéchal, Frédéric Geissmann, Koichi Tabeta, Kasper Hoebe, Xin Du, Richard L Miller, Bénédicte Héron, Cyril Mignot, Thierry Billette de Villemeur, Pierre Lebon, Olivier Dulac, Flore Rozenberg, Bruce Beutler, Marc Tardieu, Laurent Abel, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) is the most common form of sporadic viral encephalitis in western countries. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, as it affects otherwise healthy patients and only a small minority of HSV-1-infected individuals. Here, we elucidate a genetic etiology for HSE in two children with autosomal recessive deficiency in the intracellular protein UNC-93B, resulting in impaired cellular interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta and -lambda antiviral responses. HSE can result from a single-gene immunodeficiency that does not compromise immunity to most pathogens, unlike most known primary immunodeficiencies. Other severe infectious diseases may also reflect monogenic disorders of immunity that do not predispose to multiple infections.