在8月出版的《自然—结构和分子生物学》期刊上,研究人员报告了一种人类抗体和一种在艾滋病病毒1(HIV-1)表面发现的蛋白质之间的相互作用。这种人类抗体名为D5,它能识别控制HIV-1融入宿主细胞膜过程的蛋白质的中间形态。
为了进入宿主细胞,某些病毒必须首先与目标细胞表面黏合在一起,然后再融化目标细胞的细胞膜。在HIV-1中,控制融合过程的蛋白质被称为gp41,它在细胞膜融化过程中必须发生一系列的结构变化。这揭露出分子上的一种“被保护区域”,它是一个理想抗体目标,因为它们序列的变化不太频繁;即使对不同的HIV菌株来说,抗体“看”它们都是一样的。
Andrea Carfi和同事报告说,人类抗体D5能识别gp41的中间结构。弄清楚这些分子间的相互作用也许有助于科学家们开发出更有力的对付HIV-1的抗体和治疗药物。因为其他病毒也会融化宿主的细胞膜,因此,将融化蛋白质的中间态作为靶标有可能成为开发广泛适用的药物和疫苗的战略。
英文原文:
Structural basis for HIV-1 neutralization by a gp41 fusion intermediate- directed antibody
Elicitation of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies is an important goal in designing an effective human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) vaccine. The HIV-1 gp41 inner-core trimer represents a functionally and structurally conserved target for therapeutics. Here we report the 2.0-A-resolution crystal structure of the complex between the antigen-binding fragment of D5, an HIV-1 cross-neutralizing antibody, and 5-helix, a gp41 inner-core mimetic. Both binding and neutralization depend on residues in the D5 CDR H2 loop protruding into the conserved gp41 hydrophobic pocket, as well as a large pocket in D5 surrounding core gp41 residues. Kinetic analysis of D5 mutants with perturbed D5-gp41 interactions suggests that D5 persistence at the fusion intermediate is crucial for neutralization. Thus, our data validate the gp41 N-peptide trimer fusion intermediate as a target for neutralizing antibodies and provide a template for identification of more potent and broadly neutralizing molecules.