2012年6月10日,国际权威学术期刊Nature Cell Biology在线发表了中国科学院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所朱学良组的研究论文“miR-129-3p controls cilia assembly by regulating CP110 and actin dynamics”。该研究揭示了小RNA介导的转录后调控调节纤毛发生的机理。
纤毛(cilium)是广泛分布于动物组织中的一种突出于细胞表面的细胞器,根据功能的不同可分为初级纤毛和动纤毛两类,前者负责多种重要信号通路的传递,后者则是细胞 的一种运动器官。纤毛的发生首先需要将母中心粒(mother centriole)转变成基体(basal body),而这一过程需要将CP110蛋白从母中心粒上去除;另外,微丝的变化对纤毛发生也很重要,但是目前尚不清楚这两个过程是如何被调控的。小RNA(microRNA)则是近年来发现的能通过结合信使RNA尾部非翻译区来抑制其编码的蛋白质水平的一种非编码RNA。
朱学良研究组研究生曹景利、沈义栋和副研究员鄢秀敏等发现,一种叫做miR-129-3p的小RNA能够以不依赖于细胞周期的方式在体外培养的哺乳类细胞中诱导初级纤毛的发生,并阐明了其作用机理。他们发现miR-129-3p通过下调中心体蛋白质CP110和四个分枝状微丝的调节因子的蛋白质水平,从而促进母中心体向基体的转换和与纤毛形成相关的囊泡在基体周围的富集,最终促进纤毛的发生和延伸。小鼠中,miR-129-3p在富含初级纤毛的脑、视网膜、肾脏等组织中高表达。利用模式生物斑马鱼,证明miR-129-3p调节斑马鱼发育过程中的纤毛发生。抑制miR-129-3p会引起斑马鱼身体弯曲、心包囊水肿、内脏左右不对称性紊乱等典型的纤毛病征,纤毛的长度和数目也明显减少。这些发现不仅揭示小RNA可以调控初级纤毛的发生,提示miR-129-3p的突变可能也是人类纤毛病的病因之一,而且还明确地把纤毛发生与分枝状微丝形成的抑制联系起来。此外,由于去掉培养基中的血清,即血清饥饿,也能抑制分枝状微丝的产生,这些研究结果部分地解释了血清饥饿可高效诱导培养细胞产生纤毛的原因。
该课题获得了国家科技部、国家自然科学基金委和中国科学院的经费支持。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/ncb2512
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miR-129-3p controls cilia assembly by regulating CP110 and actin dynamics
Jingli Cao, Yidong Shen, Lei Zhu, Yanan Xu, Yizhuo Zhou, Zhili Wu, Yiping Li, Xiumin Yan & Xueliang Zhu
Ciliogenesis requires the removal of CP110 from the mother centriole; actin dynamics also influence ciliation, at least partly by affecting the centrosomal accumulation of ciliogenic membrane vesicles. How these distinct processes are properly regulated remains unknown. Here we show that miR-129-3p, a microRNA conserved in vertebrates, controlled cilia biogenesis in cultured cells by concomitantly downregulating CP110 and repressing branched F-actin formation. Blocking miR-129-3p inhibited serum-starvation-induced ciliogenesis, whereas its overexpression potently induced ciliation in proliferating cells and also promoted cilia elongation. Gene expression analysis further identified ARP2, TOCA1, ABLIM1 and ABLIM3 as its targets in ciliation-related actin dynamics. Moreover, miR-129-3p inhibition in zebrafish embryos suppressed ciliation in Kupffer’s vesicle and the pronephros, and induced developmental abnormalities including a curved body, pericardial oedema and defective left–right asymmetry. Therefore, our results reveal a mechanism that orchestrates both the centriole-to-basal body transition and subsequent cilia assembly through microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation.