的启发。其中描述了WHAMM(黄色)、高尔基网(紫色)、微管(白色)以及丝状肌动蛋白(红色)细胞骨架。图片提供:Taro Ohkawa)
肌动蛋白纤维和微管在生物的膜输运过程中起到了重要的作用,但是科学家很少能发现连接这两种细胞骨架系统膜输运中间物质的分子。在2008年7月11日出版的《细胞》(Cell)上,来自美国加州大学伯克利分校的Campellone等发表了他们的最新研究结果,文章表示,他们发现了一种被称为WHAMM的蛋白,其名称是“肌动蛋白、细胞膜、微管相关WASP同源体”(WASP homolog associated with actin, membranes, and microtubules)的缩写。WHAMM是一种肌动蛋白核化Arp2/3复合物的催化剂,该复合物能与高尔基膜(Golgi membranes)以及微管发生相互作用。
微丝相关蛋白Arp2/3复合物是一种肌动蛋白成核物质,它在很多细胞生理过程中发挥着重要作用。而Arp2/3的活性受到成核促进因子(nucleation-promoting factors NPFs)的调节,NPFs主要在细胞质膜动力过程中起作用。
科学家在研究中发现,这种哺乳动物成核促进因子WHAMM位于顺面高尔基体(cis-Golgi apparatus)以及管泡膜输运中间体等处。WHAMM的典型结构一般包括一个氨基端域(N-terminal domain),它负责调节高尔基膜结合微管的螺旋状结构,以及一个WCA片段,该片段主要激发Arp2/3调节的肌动蛋白聚合过程。过度表达/抑制实验显示,WHAMM对于维持高尔基体的结构以及促进顺式膜转运(蛋白从内质网沿着高尔基体向质膜转运)非常重要。此外,WHAMM与微管发生相互作用的能力将帮助膜管形成,这是由于其诱导肌动蛋白组装的能力能促进微管生长。WHAMM对细胞膜成管作用的促进使其在内质网(endoplasmic reticulum ER)和高尔基网之间的输运过程中充当了重要角色。
以上结果表明,WHAMM是一种重要的细胞膜动力学的调节物质,其发挥功能的主要区域位于微管和肌动蛋白细胞骨架的界面上。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Cell,Vol 134, 148-161, 11 July 2008,Kenneth G. Campellone, Matthew D. Welch
WHAMM Is an Arp2/3 Complex Activator That Binds Microtubules and Functions in ER to Golgi Transport
Kenneth G. Campellone,1, Neil J. Webb,1 Elizabeth A. Znameroski,1 and Matthew D. Welch1,
1 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Corresponding author
Kenneth G. Campellone
campellone@berkeley.edu
Corresponding author
Matthew D. Welch
welch@berkeley.edu
Summary
The Arp2/3 complex is an actin nucleator that plays a critical role in many cellular processes. Its activities are regulated by nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) that function primarily during plasma membrane dynamics. Here we identify a mammalian NPF called WHAMM (WASP homolog associated with actin, membranes, and microtubules) that localizes to the cis-Golgi apparatus and tubulo-vesicular membrane transport intermediates. The modular organization of WHAMM includes an N-terminal domain that mediates Golgi membrane association, a coiled-coil region that binds microtubules, and a WCA segment that stimulates Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization. Overexpression and depletion studies indicate that WHAMM is important for maintaining Golgi structure and facilitating anterograde membrane transport. The ability of WHAMM to interact with microtubules plays a role in membrane tubulation, while its capacity to induce actin assembly promotes tubule elongation. Thus, WHAMM is an important regulator of membrane dynamics functioning at the interface of the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons.