芳香化合物广泛存在于自然界,其代谢循环是地球化学元素循环的重要组成部分;同时,作为现代工业的重要原材料,芳香化合物在使用过程中大量排放到环境中,给生态系统带来了巨大压力。微生物经过适应和进化,形成了多种丰富的芳香化合物代谢途径,这些代谢途径的调控机制,是环境微生物学关注的研究热点。
谷氨酸棒杆菌是一株革兰氏阳性的土壤细菌,长期以来作为重要的氨基酸生产菌在工业上广泛应用。中科院微生物研究所微生物资源前期开发国家重点实验室环境微生物技术中心刘双江课题组以该菌种为模式菌,对多条完整的芳香化合物代谢途径进行了系统研究和报道。在前期研究的基础上,研究组进一步研究了芳香化合物代谢的调控,近期先后报道了原儿茶酸代谢途径调控蛋白(PcaO)、苯乙酸代谢途径调控蛋白(PaaR)、间苯二酚代谢调控蛋白(RolR)等的作用机制。
研究间苯二酚代谢的调控机制发现,间苯二酚代谢基因簇上的一个TetR类调控蛋白RolR,通过结合到一个29-bp的操纵基因rolO上,同时负调控其自身基因及该基因簇上反向转录的结构基因的转录,而间苯二酚及其中间代谢产物偏苯三酚可以解除RolR的抑制作用,推测RolR可能通过roadblock机制来抑制其靶基因的转录,这是首次报导TetR类调控蛋白采用roadblock机制负调控靶基因的转录。晶体结构解析发现,当RolR与效应物结合形成复合体后,RolR两个亚基的DNA结合域中心距离从34.9Å缩小到30.4Å,使得复合物不能与DNA靶点结合,消除了转录抑制,转录得以进行。
此外,研究组与德国比勒菲尔德大学合作,鉴定了谷氨酸棒杆菌AS 1.542中的苯乙酸(PAA)代谢基因簇和一个TetR类调控蛋白(PaaR)。PaaR通过结合到长度为22 bp的非完美回文序列上,负调控PAA代谢基因的转录,而PAA的代谢产物苯乙酰辅酶A可以解除PaaR的抑制作用;研究还发现,谷氨酸棒杆菌中的全局调控因子GlxR也可以结合到PAA代谢基因簇的上游,暗示GlxR也参与了PAA代谢基因簇转录的调控。生物信息学分析发现,在Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria和Flavobacteria等57个细菌基因组中都存在相似的PaaR调节单元,暗示类似PaaR的调控机制可能广泛存在于这些细菌中。
这些研究进展有利于深入认识微生物代谢芳香化合物过程中的调控机制,已于近期发表于Appl. Environ. Microbiol杂志上。相关研究得到了国家自然科学基金和国家科技部973计划的支持。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1128/AEM.01304-12
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The TetR-type transcriptional repressor RolR from Corynebacterium glutamicum regulates resorcinol catabolism by binding to a unique operator rolO
Tang Li1,2, Kexin Zhao1, Yan Huang1, Defeng Li3, Cheng-Ying Jiang1,2, Nan Zhou1,2, Zheng Fan4 and Shuang-Jiang Liu1,2,*
The rol (designated for resorcinol) gene cluster rolRHMD is involved in resorcinol catabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum, and RolR is the TetR-type regulator. In this study, we investigated how RolR regulated the transcription of the rol genes in C. glutamicum. The transcription start sites and promoters of rolR and rolHMD were identified. RT-qPCR and promoter activity analysis indicated that RolR negatively regulated the transcription of rolHMD and of its own gene. Further, a 29-bp operator rolO was located at the intergenic region of rolR and rolHMD and was identified as the sole binding site for RolR. It contained two overlapping inverted repeats and they were essential for RolR-binding. The binding of RolR to rolO was affected by resorcinol and hydroxyquinol, which are the starting compounds of resorcinol catabolic pathway. These two compounds were able to dissociate RolR-rolO complex, thus releasing RolR from the complex and derepressing the transcription of rol genes in C. glutamicum. It is proposed that the binding of RolR to its operator rolO blocks the transcription of rolHMD and of its own gene, thus negatively regulated resorcinol degradation in C. glutamicum.