科学家表示在美国黄石的热池中发现的一种新细菌能帮助提高酒精的生产。它们是在Octopus和Mushroom泉以及Green Finger热池中被发现的,这些细菌在温度120-150摄氏度的热水中生长繁盛。
以上发现非常罕见,因为这类细菌是光合细菌,它们从阳光获得能量。Penn State大学生物技术、生物化学和分子生物学教授Don Bryant是研究小组负责人,他表示科学家在过去一个世纪里只发现了3个类似的细菌种类。Bryant将结果发表在了《科学》(Science)上。他说:“对于微生物学家而言这是一件大事。”
这种细菌可能将被科学家用来制造酒精,以替代汽油燃料。Bryant认为该细菌并非从大气中获得碳,而是通过去除其它细菌产生的废物。这能使其它种类的细菌生长更加迅速。研究小组通过检查Montana州立大学的David Ward收集的细菌DNA信息获得了以上发现,Ward过去数十年一直在研究黄石热泉中的细菌。由于能在高温条件下生存,它们也被称为嗜热菌。
Bryant表示他在计算机上详细分析了数以百计的DNA序列。他说:“我们寻找与已知完全不同的基因签名。”在检查了这种被称为Chloracidobacterium termophilum的新细菌DNA后,Bryant接下来必须证明其真的存在。他说:“有时在计算机上发现的虚拟生物是无法发表在Science上的。接下来的一年我们主要致力于分离这些生物,寻找它们的特性,并且证明它们确实可以将光能转化为化学能。关键并非是否得到了这些基因,而在于你如何利用它们。”
Bryant最终成功分离了这些细菌。他说:“我们证明了这些生物在光能下可以生长。小组重复在光照和黑暗条件下培养它们,结果是在黑暗条件下其生长速度很缓慢,而在光照下则迅速得多。”( 教育部科技发展中心 )
原文链接:http://www.physorg.com/news112637284.html
原始出处:
Science 27 July 2007:
Vol. 317. no. 5837, pp. 523 - 526
DOI: 10.1126/science.1143236
Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum: An Aerobic Phototrophic Acidobacterium
Donald A. Bryant,1* Amaya M. Garcia Costas,1 Julia A. Maresca,1 Aline Gomez Maqueo Chew,1 Christian G. Klatt,2 Mary M. Bateson,2 Luke J. Tallon,3 Jessica Hostetler,3 William C. Nelson,3 John F. Heidelberg,3,4 David M. Ward2
Only five bacterial phyla with members capable of chlorophyll (Chl)–based phototrophy are presently known. Metagenomic data from the phototrophic microbial mats of alkaline siliceous hot springs in Yellowstone National Park revealed the existence of a distinctive bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)–synthesizing, phototrophic bacterium. A highly enriched culture of this bacterium grew photoheterotrophically, synthesized BChls a and c under oxic conditions, and had chlorosomes and type 1 reaction centers. "Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum" is a BChl-producing member of the poorly characterized phylum Acidobacteria.
1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
2 Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Post Office Box 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717–3120, USA.
3 The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
4 Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Wrigley Marine Science Center, Post Office Box 5069, Avalon, CA 90704, USA.
Present address: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Present address: Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dab14@psu.edu