12月26日,以色列魏兹曼科学研究所在《自然—医学》杂志网站上发表了他们最新研究成果"Antibodies targeting the catalytic zinc complex of activated matrix metalloproteinases show therapeutic potential"。科学家改变以往的治疗策略,用人工合成分子诱导免疫系统产生出特殊的抗体,可封锁在引发自身免疫疾病中起重要作用的一种酶MMP9,并在动物实验中取得成功。
新合成分子在治疗克罗恩氏病等免疫系统疾病方面具有很大潜力,为寻找免疫类疾病疗法开辟了新方向。
MMP是一种基质金属蛋白酶家族,在细胞动员、分裂、伤口愈合等方面起着关键作用。如果它们中的某些成员,尤其是MMP9失控的话,就会引发自身免疫疾病和癌症转移,封锁这些蛋白质有望找到治疗自身免疫类疾病的方法。开始时,研究人员设计出一种直接瞄准所有MMP成员的人造药物分子,但太过粗糙而且有很大副作用。
研究所生物调控分部教授艾丽特·萨基解释说,正常情况下,机体也能产生自己的MMP抑制剂,叫做TIMP,作为一种紧缩程序来控制MMP酶。这些自然产生的TIMP具有高度选择性,由三个组氨酸多肽围绕一个金属锌离子构成,每个手臂都极其精确,恰好能到达MMP酶的活性位点凹槽,像个软木塞那样堵住凹槽,使MMP失去活性。“要想复制这种精确性是非常困难的。”
研究人员转而寻找另外的替代方法,不是设计一种分子,而是直接攻击MMP。就像死亡病毒引发免疫系统生成抗体,攻击活病毒那样,他们想出了一种方法,通过MMP免疫反应“诱骗”机体生成瞄准MMP9的天然抗体,锁住其活性位点。
他们在MMP9的核心活性位点人工合成出一种金属锌-组氨酸复合物,然后把这些小分子注射到小鼠体内,并检查小鼠血液中抵抗MMP酶的免疫反应信号。研究人员对所产生抗体的原子结构进行了详细分析,发现它和TIMP有所不同,但作用极其相似,同样能到达酶的凹槽并封锁活性位点。抗体能选择性地仅针对MMP家族中的两个成员MMP2和MMP9,并与它们紧密结合。
为了检验疗效,他们在小鼠身上模拟克罗恩氏病引发炎症,然后注射上述金属锌-组氨酸复合物所产生的抗体进行治疗,发现症状消失。魏兹曼研究所耶达(Yeda)技术转让公司已经为这种合成免疫分子及其抗体申请了专利。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nm.2582
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Antibodies targeting the catalytic zinc complex of activated matrix metalloproteinases show therapeutic potential
Netta Sela-Passwell, Raghavendra Kikkeri, Orly Dym, Haim Rozenberg, Raanan Margalit, Rina Arad-Yellin, Miriam Eisenstein, Ori Brenner, Tsipi Shoham, Tamar Danon, Abraham Shanzer & Irit Sagi
Endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have key roles in regulating physiological and pathological cellular processes1, 2, 3. Imitating the inhibitory molecular mechanisms of TIMPs while increasing selectivity has been a challenging but desired approach for antibody-based therapy4. TIMPs use hybrid protein-protein interactions to form an energetic bond with the catalytic metal ion, as well as with enzyme surface residues5, 6, 7. We used an innovative immunization strategy that exploits aspects of molecular mimicry to produce inhibitory antibodies that show TIMP-like binding mechanisms toward the activated forms of gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9). Specifically, we immunized mice with a synthetic molecule that mimics the conserved structure of the metalloenzyme catalytic zinc-histidine complex residing within the enzyme active site. This immunization procedure yielded selective function-blocking monoclonal antibodies directed against the catalytic zinc-protein complex and enzyme surface conformational epitopes of endogenous gelatinases. The therapeutic potential of these antibodies has been demonstrated with relevant mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease8. Here we propose a general experimental strategy for generating inhibitory antibodies that effectively target the in vivo activity of dysregulated metalloproteinases by mimicking the mechanism employed by TIMPs.