美国弗吉尼亚理工大学的Liwu Li副教授最近发现,在细胞先天性免疫网和人类慢性炎症疾病(包括动脉硬化、2型糖尿病、以及神经退化性疾病等)之间存在一个普遍联系。这一发现为严重炎症疾病的诊断和治疗提供了可能的细胞和分子目标。结果发表在九月份出版的爱思唯尔期刊《分子免疫学》(Molecular Immunology)上。
Li是弗吉尼亚理工大学炎症研究中心奠基人,他表示:“长期以来科研人员和医生都意识到在这些疾病之间存在某种联系,例如,肥胖将增加心脏病和中风、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗以及阿兹海默症的风险。”
Li还认为:“炎症反应是一种常见机制,这是一把双刃剑,正确的炎症反应对于抵御感染入侵以及消除异常细胞是必要的。而另一方面,过度的炎症导致多种慢性疾病。但是我们对于控制炎症反应的复杂细胞分子网了解的很少,这种了解的缺乏阻碍了治疗方法的进展。”
在过去发表的一系列文章中,Li的小组确定了数个对于调节炎症至关重要的信号网,而其中一种细胞蛋白激酶—白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶1(IRAK-1)对于处理多种炎症信号都很重要,其中包括微生物产物、细胞因子、胰岛素等。Li小组还发现过度的IRAK-1激活将导致动脉硬化和糖尿病。利用无IRAK-1基因的转基因小鼠,研究人员证明缺少IRAK-1能防止发生动脉硬化以及胰岛素抵抗。
在分子学水平上IRAK-1倾向于使转录因子磷酸化,这导致STAT-3和NFAT参与到各种炎症调节子的调节中,这些调节子导致特异性的巨噬细胞、T细胞过度激活。巨噬细胞、T细胞最终产生各种炎症症状。Li说:“要彻底治愈这些疾病还有很长的路要走,这也是为何我们要联合多学科专家的原因,其中就包括实验生物学以及计算模拟专家。炎症研究中心结合了实验分子生物学专家、细胞和组织成像、细胞信号网络计算模拟、人类和动物学研究、以及纳米技术。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Molecular Immunology,doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2008.06.023,Dongmei Wang, Stephan Fasciano, and Liwu Li
The interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 1 contributes to the regulation of NFAT
Dongmei Wang1, a, Stephan Fasciano1, a and Liwu Li, a,
aThe Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
Abstract
IRAK-1 is a critical modulator regulating innate immunity signaling processes. However, the physiological substrates for IRAK-1 remain poorly defined. In this report, we have demonstrated that IRAK-1 is a kinase responsible for the constitutive phosphorylation and inactivation of the Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell (NFAT). Expression of IRAK-1 suppressed NFAT reporter activity. Correspondingly, the levels of both nuclear NFATc1 and NFATc4 were constitutively elevated in IRAK-1−/− cells. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of NFATc4 at the S168PS170P site was significantly diminished in IRAK-1−/− cells. Mechanistically, we observed that IRAK-1 interacted with NFATc4 via the C-terminus of IRAK-1 and the N-terminal NHR region of NFATc4. IRAK-1 mutants that ablated either its kinase activity or its interaction with NFATc4 failed to suppress NFAT reporter activity. The expression level of COX2, which is under the control of NFAT, was elevated in IRAK-1−/− cells. Functionally, ApoE−/−/IRAK-1−/− mice were protected from high-fat-diet-induced hypertension and atherosclerosis. Taken together, our findings reveal NFAT molecules as novel physiological targets for IRAK-1.