《神经科学杂志》(The Journal of Neuroscience, 29(2), 460-465) 于2009年1月14日,刊登了北京大学心理学系和机器感知与智能教育部重点实验室方方研究员的最新研究成果——人类早期视皮层对边缘所有权的选择性以及注意的调节作用(Border ownership selectivity in human early visual cortex and its modulation by attention)。在这项研究中,方方研究员利用功能性核磁共振适应(fMRI adaptation)技术克服了fMRI空间分辨率相对较低的缺陷,首次揭示了人类次级视皮层(V2)可以对边缘所有权进行编码,以及视觉注意在这种编码过程中所起到的关键作用。
视觉科学的核心问题是视觉神经系统如何利用双眼接受到的二维信息构建立体的三维世界,并识别三维世界中的物体。视皮层对视觉信息加工的第一步是边缘提取,这主要由初级视皮层(V1)来完成。随后则是确定边缘属于视觉场景中的哪一个物体,即边缘所有权。在此基础上,视觉系统才能将分属不同物体的边缘连接起来,从而形成物体知觉。在过去二十多年中,对边缘所有权神经表征的研究一直是视觉科学中的热点问题。但灵长类的电生理研究(Nature Neuroscience, 2007)和人类功能性核磁共振研究(Science,2001)并不一致,前者发现这种神经表征位于早期视皮层,而后者则发现该表征位于高级视皮层。方方博士的研究利用功能性核磁共振适应技术,灵敏地探测出人类早期视皮层可以表征边缘所有权,并将这种表征传递到高级视皮层,从而融合解释了以前的学术争论。关于边缘所有权神经表征的探索同时对机器感知研究也有重要意义,该研究为复杂场景中的物体识别算法,提供了来自神经科学的新的理论依据。
《神经科学杂志》由美国神经科学学会主办,是神经科学领域的权威主流期刊。这项研究受到北京大学985“百人计划”项目和国家自然科学基金委的支持。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
The Journal of Neuroscience,doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4628-08.2009,Fang Fang,Daniel Kersten
Border Ownership Selectivity in Human Early Visual Cortex and its Modulation by Attention
Fang Fang,1 Huseyin Boyaci,2 and Daniel Kersten3
1Department of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, 2Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey, and 3Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
Natural images are usually cluttered because objects occlude one another. A critical aspect of recognizing these visual objects is to identify the borders between image regions that belong to different objects. However, the neural coding of border ownership in human visual cortex is largely unknown. In this study, we designed two simple but compelling stimuli in which a slight change of contextual information could induce a dramatic change of border ownership. Using functional MRI adaptation, we found that border ownership selectivity in V2 was robust and reliable across subjects, and it was largely dependent on attention. Our study provides the first human evidence that V2 is a critical area for the processing of border ownership and that this processing depends on the modulation from higher-level cortical areas.