生物谷:英国科学家近日研究发现,某些处于植物状态(vegetative state)的病人大脑能显现出接近于正常人的脑部活动。该研究有望帮助医生预测哪些病人有希望从植物状态恢复过来。相关论文发表在8月份的《神经病学档案》(Archives of Neurology)上。
众所周知,植物状态比一般的昏迷要严重的多。植物人虽然有反射反应,但是没有任何证据表明他们有意识。处于持续植物状态的病人,如果持续时间超过两年,事实上就没有康复的希望了。另外,植物人的反射反应往往十分容易让人误解,这就使得针对植物人的分类和诊断显得异常困难。
在最新的研究中,英国剑桥大学的Adrian Owen和同事针对一位因车祸陷入植物状态已达六月之久的病人展开了研究。研究人员一边用语言要求该病人设想自己正在从事某种活动,比如打网球或散步回家等,同时应用功能核磁共振成像(fMRI)技术观测她的实时脑部活动。结果令人惊讶,她的大脑活跃起来了,在研究人员期望的所有区域都表现出了活性。扫描显示,这些活性与完成同样任务的正常人脑部显示的几乎一样。
Owen称,研究过后六个月,该病人表现出了初步的好转迹象。她现在恢复到了最小意识状态(minimally conscious state),间或能对刺激做出反应。Owen表示,到目前研究为止,相对于缺氧导致的意识丧失,脑外伤导致意识丧失的病人似乎更容易恢复知觉。
目前,人们没有任何积极的治疗办法来帮助这类病人,虽然近来有报道称深度脑刺激能使这类病人好转(见更多阅读)。而此次发现将有助于预测哪些植物人有可能恢复知觉,无疑具有重要的价值。
不过,Owen也希望人们不要高估了新的研究结果的意义。他表示,他和研究小组随后又针对另外10名植物人展开了研究,却只在一个人身上得到了类似的结果。他说:“我们不想给人们带来错误的希望,以为所有这样的病人都能康复。老实说,目前尚没有任何被实践检验过证明对这类病人有益的治疗或干预。”(科学网 梅进/编译)
原始出处:
Arch Neurol, Aug 2007; 64: 1098 - 1102
Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Covert Awareness in the Vegetative State
Adrian M. Owen, PhD; Martin R. Coleman, PhD; Melanie Boly, PhD; Matthew H. Davis, PhD; Steven Laureys, MD, PhD; John D. Pickard, MD, PhD
Arch Neurol. 2007;64:1098-1102.
The assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness, including the vegetative state, is difficult and depends frequently on subjective interpretations of the observed spontaneous and volitional behavior. For those patients who retain peripheral motor function, rigorous behavioral assessment supported by structural imaging and electrophysiological findings is usually sufficient to establish a patient's level of wakefulness and awareness. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that in some patients damage to the peripheral motor system may prevent overt responses to command although the cognitive ability to perceive and understand such commands may remain intact. Recent advances in functional neuroimaging suggest a novel solution to this problem; in several cases, so-called activation studies have been used to identify residual cognitive function and conscious awareness in patients who are assumed to be in a vegetative state yet retain cognitive abilities that have evaded detection using standard clinical methods.
Author Affiliations: Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (Drs Owen and Davis) and Impaired Consciousness Study Group, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge (Drs Coleman and Pickard), Cambridge, England; and Cyclotron Research Centre and Neurology Department, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium (Drs Boly and Laureys).