生物谷援引中新网:英国的一个研究小组1月8日说,适量饮酒、运动、戒烟和每天吃五份果菜的人士,会比没有这么做的人平均多活14年。该小组表示,已有大量证据显示,这些因素有助于让人活得更健康与长寿,但小组的新研究却量化了这些因素的综合影响。
小组在《公共科学图书馆·医学》(PLoS Medicine)发表的报告中说:“这些结果进一步证实,即使稍微改变生活方式也可对人们健康有很大差别的看法,这将鼓励人们改变行为。”
从1993年到1997年间,小组调查英国2万名健康男女的生活方式,也化验每名参与者的血液,以测量维生素C的摄取量。血液中的维生素C含量,是人们吃果菜多寡的一个指标。小组接着给45岁到79岁的参与者评分,分数从零到4,每个健康习惯可得一分。
在考虑了年龄和可能造成死亡的其他因素后,小组确定得分零的参与者的死亡率,等于其他参与者的四倍,而且更易因心血管疾病致死。
这个连续追踪参与者状况到2006年的小组又说,得分零者病死的几率,与年龄大14岁的得分4者相同。 研究表明,戒烟是获益最大的一个做法,健康将会改善80%。其次是多吃果菜。许开迪(译音)及其在剑桥大学和医学研究理事会的同僚表示,适量饮酒和保持活跃的生活方式,也会带来相同的效益。
生物谷推荐英文原文:
Combined Impact of Health Behaviours and Mortality in Men and Women: The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study
Kay-Tee Khaw1*, Nicholas Wareham2, Sheila Bingham3, Ailsa Welch1, Robert Luben1, Nicholas Day1
1 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2 Medical Research Council, Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 3 Medical Research Council, Dunn Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Background
There is overwhelming evidence that behavioural factors influence health, but their combined impact on the general population is less well documented. We aimed to quantify the potential combined impact of four health behaviours on mortality in men and women living in the general community.
Methods and Findings
We examined the prospective relationship between lifestyle and mortality in a prospective population study of 20,244 men and women aged 45–79 y with no known cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline survey in 1993–1997, living in the general community in the United Kingdom, and followed up to 2006. Participants scored one point for each health behaviour: current non-smoking, not physically inactive, moderate alcohol intake (1–14 units a week) and plasma vitamin C >50 mmol/l indicating fruit and vegetable intake of at least five servings a day, for a total score ranging from zero to four. After an average 11 y follow-up, the age-, sex-, body mass–, and social class–adjusted relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality(1,987 deaths) for men and women who had three, two, one, and zero compared to four health behaviours were respectively, 1.39 (1.21–1.60), 1.95 (1.70–-2.25), 2.52 (2.13–3.00), and 4.04 (2.95–5.54) p < 0.001 trend. The relationships were consistent in subgroups stratified by sex, age, body mass index, and social class, and after excluding deaths within 2 y. The trends were strongest for cardiovascular causes. The mortality risk for those with four compared to zero health behaviours was equivalent to being 14 y younger in chronological age.
Conclusions
Four health behaviours combined predict a 4-fold difference in total mortality in men and women, with an estimated impact equivalent to 14 y in chronological age.
全文链接:http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050012