安溪铁观音是我国的经典名茶之一，在区域经济和可持续发展中扮演着重要的角色，但其生产和外销过程中受到各种环境和品质的困扰。当地政府和农户为解决这些问题做了大量的探索，但推广应用举步维艰。原因何在？应该如何解决？要解决这些问题，首先要做的就是对主要模式系统进行多层次的生态经济定量分析与评价，找出关键原因，然后才能对症下药。
针对这一问题，华南植物园生态及环境科学研究中心硕士研究生曾宪曙在导师陆宏芳副研究员的指导下，综合运用能值、经济学和统计学方法，定量分析评价安溪铁观音茶叶从育苗、种植到加工3个生产环节下的9种生产模式的生态经济特性。其研究表明：种植亚系统采用有机肥代替部分化肥，可有效的减少外界资源对系统的负载压力，提升系统可持续能力；然而，由于目前有机肥和人力投入的成本相对较高，混合使用有机肥和化肥的生产模式比全部使用化肥生产模式的经济效益要低；在同等规模下使用自家生产的茶青进行加工，能够提高经济效益和可持续发展。化肥的过量施用和劳动力效率低是当前制约安溪茶叶种植系统发展的主要因素。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Ecological Engineering http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.09.004
Integrated emergy and economic evaluation of tea production chains in Anxi, China
Xianshu Zenga, Hongfang Lu, Daniel E. Campbell, Hai Ren
Emergy and economic methods were used to evaluate and compare tea production systems in Anxi, China. Tea production was classified into three phases, i.e., the nursery, the plantation and tea processing, and each phase was evaluated. The results showed that the nursery subsystems were profitable with an economic output/input ratio of 2.86. However, the inclusion of a nursery had no significant influence on the sustainability of the tea plantation system, because it was a small part of the total input to the system. Applying organic fertilizer to replace 66% of the chemical fertilizer decreased the pressure of chemical loading on the environment, and as a result the cultivation phase's emergy sustainability index (ESI) increased 2.10 times. However, due to the relatively high price of organic fertilizer and the labor to spread it, the economic output/input ratio (1.61) of the mixed organic and chemical fertilizer mode was less than that of the chemical fertilizer mode (1.80). If all the tea leaves used in the processing phase were produced on the farm, instead of purchased from outside, about 30% of the economic cost of processing could be saved, and as a result the economic output/input ratio would increase by 41%; the ESI would increase 5.48 times and the emergy index for sustainable development (EISD) would increase 11.05 times. The overuse of chemical fertilizer and low productivity of labor are key problems that need to be solved for further optimization of the Anxi tea plantation systems.
