渤海鸟化石全长约35.7厘米,其头吻部短,上下颌都长有多枚牙齿,前后肢接近等长。沈阳师范大学供图
复原后的渤海鸟。 沈阳师范大学供图
近日,科学家在辽西热河生物群发现了反鸟类的一个新属种——“渤海鸟”。“渤海鸟”的发现不仅进一步揭示了反鸟类的形态多样性,也澄清了许多此前对该类群形态特征的模糊认识。
近日,刚刚出版的国际著名学术刊物美国《古脊椎动物杂志》(JVP)发表了由沈阳师范大学胡东宇教授带领的古鸟类研究组关于“渤海鸟”的新发现。
该化石产于辽宁建昌早白垩世义县组,距今约1.25亿年,是“热河生物群”反鸟类的一个新属种,命名为“郭氏渤海鸟”。
反鸟类繁盛于白垩纪,是鸟类起源之后第一支成功地实现全球性辐射的类群,但与恐龙一起于白垩纪末期灭绝。反鸟类由于在肩胛骨与乌喙骨的关节方式上与现生鸟类相反,由英国学者C.A.Walker于1981年建立了一个反鸟亚纲;与包括所有现生鸟类在内的今鸟亚纲一起,构成了鸟类的两大善于飞行的进步类群。
据沈阳师范大学专家介绍,此次发现的“渤海鸟”化石保存精美,全长约35.7厘米,其头吻部短,上下颌都长有多枚牙齿,前后肢接近等长,具有长而弯曲的趾爪,这些被认为是以昆虫为食,营树栖生活鸟类的典型特征。在手部的演化上,“渤海鸟”表现为原始反鸟类和进步反鸟类中间的过渡类型。此外,“渤海鸟”也保存有多枚前肢飞羽印痕和两枚末端丢失的带状尾羽印痕。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31(1): 154 - 161 DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2011.546305
A new enantiornithine bird from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China
Dongyu Hu; Li Li; Lianhaim Hou; Xing Xu (2011)
Abstract
A new enantiornithine bird, Bohaiornis guoi, gen. et sp.nov., is described in this paper. The holotype,presumably a sub-adult, is a complete, fully articulated skeleton from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, northeastern China. Bohaiornis exhibits some similarity in morphology to Eoenantiornis, but Bohaiornis is much larger than Eoenantiornis and differs from all previously known enantiornithine birds including Eoenantiornis in having the following features: caudal end of the articular pointed caudoventrally, sacral centra strongly compressed transversely, and clavicular ramus straight with a laterally expanded omal end. The almost perfectly preserved skeleton of this new specimen not only reveals many morphological features previously unknown in basal birds, but also clarifies many fine details of previously known features.