生态系统是具开放性、非线性发展规律的能值网络系统，其自组织动态规律的理论研究由来已久，并在功能与结构两方面分别取得长足发展，但实证研究匮乏。生态系统自组织功能与结构经典假说有待检验，效率规律有待揭示。
南亚热带人工林样地
中科院华南植物园植被景观生态学研究组陆宏芳研究员等，以鹤山丘陵植被恢复实验站针叶林、桉林、相思林和乡土混交林为研究对象，综合运用Emergy和Eco-exergy理论方法，分析评价了4个南亚热带森林恢复模式建立20年之后的系统自组织状态与效率。结果表明，初始状态的不同确实会对系统自组织状态与效率带来长期影响。两个外来种人工林在生物量和土壤有机质积累方面表现较好，而两个乡土种人工林在外部负熵资源的摄取能力方面表现突出。能值转换率指标同时考虑了流入与库的变化，可用于评价系统的自组织效率。南亚热带森林演替早期植被基于Eco-exergy的植被总体有序程度的主要贡献来自于乔木层，而基于Specific Eco-exergy的单位生物量植被有序程度主要贡献来自于灌草层。物种遗传信息量C值悖论确实存在，并会在一定程度上影响以其为基础的Eco-exergy评价结果。Emergy与Eco-exergy两种理论方法的综合使用，有利于实现生态系统自组织结构、功能与效率的综合评价。
该相关研究成果已发表在国际生态工程重要学术期刊Ecological Engineering上（2011，37：277-285）。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推荐原文出处：
Ecological Engineering doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.11.003
Emergy and eco-exergy evaluation of four forest restoration modes in southeast China
H.F. Lua, Z.H. Wanga, D.E. Campbellb, H. Rena, , and J. Wanga
a Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, China
b US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, USA
Abstract
Four different forest restoration modes (Acacia mangium plantation, mixed-native species plantation, conifer plantation and Eucalyptus plantation) were evaluated using Energy System Theory and the emergy synthesis method. In addition, the eco-exergies of the four forest restoration modes were calculated, and combined with emergy and empower density to explore the restoration and self-organization efficiencies of these modes. The results showed that the two plantations of exotic species, especially the Acacia mangium plantation, were best for biomass accumulation and soil improvement, whereas the two plantations of native species, especially the mixed-native plantation, were more efficient in capturing the available natural resources. Transformity is an important emergy index for the evaluation of system efficiency, because it takes both input and output into account. In subtropical plantations, trees mainly contribute to eco-exergy, whereas herbs and shrubs mainly contribute to specific eco-exergy. The c-value Paradox does exist in conifer species in this study, and it could affect the eco-exergy evaluation. The joint use of eco-exergy and emergy analysis is helpful in comparing both different and similar kinds of ecosystems.
Keywords: Forest restoration; Emergy; Eco-exergy; Specific eco-exergy; Self-organization
