根据一项新的研究,把对全国森林的管理从国家转交给地方政府可以降低成本而不会减少森林密度。Eswaran Somanathan及其同事测量了随着发展中国家的森林管理从国家逐渐转向村镇级别的过程中的森林管理成本效率。这组作者计算了印度北方北阿坎德邦的每公顷森林管理成本,结果发现国家管理森林的成本是地方管理森林成本的7到10倍。他们然后比较了类似情况的国家和地方森林,提出按照树冠覆盖的林地计算,成本更低的地方管理的森林表现出的保护水平与国家的相同。
这组科学家指出,国家管理的森林通常比地方管理的森林距离居住地更远,因此在转交地方管理的时候必须包含额外的成本,诸如森林的守卫必须走得更远。然而,这组作者指出,由于人类干涉的减少,偏远可能节省一些成本。这组作者说,由于地方森林管理具有高度节省成本的潜力,这些成本问题不应该阻止分散化,尤其是对于资金短缺的发展中国家的生物多样性高的森林。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
PNAS March 2, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0810049106
Decentralization for cost-effective conservation
E. Somanathana,1, R. Prabhakarb and Bhupendra Singh Mehtac
aPlanning Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 7 SJS Sansanwal Marg, New Delhi 110016, India;
bAshoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Environment, Number 659, 5th ‘A’ Main, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India; and
cFoundation for Ecological Security, PB Number 29, Village-Jehangirpura, Hadgud, PO-Gopalpura, Anand, Gujarat-388 370, India
Abstract
Since 1930, areas of state-managed forest in the central Himalayas of India have increasingly been devolved to management by local communities. This article studies the long-run effects of the devolution on the cost of forest management and on forest conservation. Village council-management costs an order of magnitude less per unit area and does no worse, and possibly better, at conservation than state management. Geographic proximity and historical and ecological information are used to separate the effects of management from those of possible confounding factors.