11月2日,武汉大学传出消息:由该校领衔并与上海生物信息技术研究中心合作,在国际上首次完成了全球生物量最大的蝎种——马氏正钳蝎(俗称东亚钳蝎)的基因组测序,由此揭示了蝎子这种独特的节肢动物适应模式。
该研究成果10月15日在线发表于《自然—通讯》(国际权威杂志《自然》子刊之一),武大李文鑫教授与中科院上海生命科学研究院李亦学研究员、李轩研究员是共同通讯作者。
蝎子是一类特殊的节肢动物,历经了4亿多年的生存与进化。它的毒液中,包含有各种不同类型的毒素组分,全世界每年被蝎子蛰伤的人约有120万左右,其中部分致死。
此次完成的马氏正钳蝎基因组测序,预测了32016个蛋白质编码基因,并分析阐明了蝎子的捕食、夜间行为、感光与解毒等重要遗传特征的分子基础,从而揭示了蝎子在漫长的进化过程中对环境的适应性机制。
马氏正钳蝎在我国已有2000余年的药用史,被用于治疗类风湿关节炎、中风、癫痫症和慢性疼痛等疾病。蝎子毒液中的许多活性成分,已成为现代生物药物开发的重要资源。该成果揭开了蝎毒素的多样性“面纱”,有助于开发利用。 (生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Nature Communications doi:10.1038/ncomms3602
The genome of Mesobuthus martensii reveals a unique adaptation model of arthropods
Zhijian Cao,Yao Yu,Yingliang Wu,Pei Hao,Zhiyong Di,Yawen He,Zongyun Chen,Weishan Yang,Zhiyong Shen,Xiaohua He,Jia Sheng,Xiaobo Xu,Bohu Pan,Jing Feng,Xiaojuan Yang,Wei Hong,Wenjuan Zhao,Zhongjie Li,Kai Huang,Tian Li,et al.
Representing a basal branch of arachnids, scorpions are known as ‘living fossils’ that maintain an ancient anatomy and are adapted to have survived extreme climate changes. Here we report the genome sequence of Mesobuthus martensii, containing 32,016 protein-coding genes, the most among sequenced arthropods. Although M. martensii appears to evolve conservatively, it has a greater gene family turnover than the insects that have undergone diverse morphological and physiological changes, suggesting the decoupling of the molecular and morphological evolution in scorpions. Underlying the long-term adaptation of scorpions is the expansion of the gene families enriched in basic metabolic pathways, signalling pathways, neurotoxins and cytochrome P450, and the different dynamics of expansion between the shared and the scorpion lineage-specific gene families. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses further illustrate the important genetic features associated with prey, nocturnal behaviour, feeding and detoxification. The M. martensii genome reveals a unique adaptation model of arthropods, offering new insights into the genetic bases of the living fossils.