美国波士顿大学医学院(BUSM)领导的一个国际研究小组已确定了4个基因位点,这些基因位点似乎与降低海马体积有关。海马区在大脑中形成具体的、新的记忆中起重要作用,阿尔茨海默氏症患者海马区失去了这一作用。这一发现可能决定阿尔茨海默氏症和其他疾病是如何影响海马功能以及完整性的。
BUSM神经病学教授Sudha Seshadri医师是该研究的主要领导者,相关研究论文将刊登在《自然遗传学》杂志上。
此前有研究表明大脑海马与短期和长期记忆过程有关,随着年龄增长,海马区也会慢慢缩小。同时,海马区也是阿尔茨海默氏症首个损伤的部位,也即阿尔茨海默氏症患者首先是大脑海马区出现问题,海马区功能和完整性受损时会导致记忆问题。
Seshadri说:研究阿尔茨海默氏症等类似疾病的问题之一是很多人在他们到了会罹患临床老年痴呆症疾病相关的年龄之前,会因为其他原因出现死亡。要解决这个问题,我们研究了与阿尔茨海默氏症未来高风险相关的基因,但我们可以在大多数人到了会出现阿尔茨海默氏症临床症状前的10至20多年时测量这些基因。
在阿尔茨海默氏病发病以及疾病发展过程中海马区会萎缩,但其他因素如血管危险因素和正常老化,也可能导致海马区大小减小。Seshadri说:我们的研究团队希望找出正常老年人大脑样本海马体积变化的基因原因。
研究人员从没有痴呆症的9,232参试者收集海马体积。科研人员鉴定出了四个基因位点决定了海马的体积。结果表明如果改变其中基因之一,平均而言,海马的体积会和年长四到五岁的人大小类似。这些结果复制在两个大型欧洲样本,其中包括一个混合年龄的样本,其中包括与认知功能障碍的一些与会者。
Seshadri补充说:未来研究需要进一步探讨这些遗传区域,以便更好地了解这些基因在决定海马体积中的作用。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/ng.2237
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Common variants at 12q14 and 12q24 are associated with hippocampal volume
Joshua C Bis,Charles DeCarli,Albert Vernon Smith,Fedde van der Lijn,Fabrice Crivello,Myriam Fornage,Stephanie Debette,Joshua M Shulman,Helena Schmidt,
et al.
Aging is associated with reductions in hippocampal volume that are accelerated by Alzheimer's disease and vascular risk factors. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) of dementia-free persons (n = 9,232) identified 46 SNPs at four loci with P values of <4.0 × 10?7. In two additional samples (n = 2,318), associations were replicated at 12q14 within MSRB3-WIF1 (discovery and replication; rs17178006; P = 5.3 × 10?11) and at 12q24 near HRK-FBXW8 (rs7294919; P = 2.9 × 10?11). Remaining associations included one SNP at 2q24 within DPP4 (rs6741949; P = 2.9 × 10?7) and nine SNPs at 9p33 within ASTN2 (rs7852872; P = 1.0 × 10?7); along with the chromosome 12 associations, these loci were also associated with hippocampal volume (P < 0.05) in a third younger, more heterogeneous sample (n = 7,794). The SNP in ASTN2 also showed suggestive association with decline in cognition in a largely independent sample (n = 1,563). These associations implicate genes related to apoptosis (HRK), development (WIF1), oxidative stress (MSR3B), ubiquitination (FBXW8) and neuronal migration (ASTN2), as well as enzymes targeted by new diabetes medications (DPP4), indicating new genetic influences on hippocampal size and possibly the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.