11月21日，Genome Biology在线发表了中科院植物所景海春研究组和华大基因研究院研究人员的研究成果。研究者利用新一代高通量测序技术，对2个甜高粱和1个中国籽实高粱品系进行了基因组重测序。利用美国能源部联合基因组研究所完成的1个籽实高粱基因组为模板，比较分析发现：甜高粱和籽实高粱在近1500个基因中存在序列和结构差异，这些基因参与糖与淀粉代谢、木质素和香豆素合成、核酸代谢、胁迫应答和DNA修复等活动。
作为世界第5大作物的高粱是世界干旱及半干旱区的主要粮食作物，也是我国最早栽培的禾谷类作物之一，有着上千年的历史，是重要的杂粮和酿酒、饲料、色素等工业的重要原料。甜高粱是高粱的一个自然变种，同普通籽实高粱相比有着诸多独特的生物学和农艺学性状，如高光合效率、大生物量和更强的耐逆性等。尤为突出是它的高秸杆含糖量，是我国和世界发展第1、2代生物质液体燃料的重要作物。但甜高粱和籽实高粱在基因组水平的差异尚未有深入研究。
此外，本研究发掘出1,057,018个SNPs, 99,948个1-10bp 小片段缺失，16,487个大片段PAV和17,111个拷贝数变化。这些结果对下一步深入研究基因组变异如何影响生物学性状，建立基因-性状关联和开展高粱分子育种有很大帮助。
景海春研究组助理研究员郑雷英和华大基因研究院的研究人员为该论文的共同第一作者。该研究得到了中科院知识创新工程重点方向项目和新加坡淡马锡研究所的支持。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-11-r114
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Genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in sweet and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Lei-Ying Zheng, Xiao-Sen Guo, Bing He, Lian-Jun Sun, Yao Peng, Shan-Shan Dong, Teng-Fei Liu, Shuye Jiang, Srinivasan Ramachandran, Chun-Ming Liu and Hai-Chun Jing
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is globally produced as a source of food, feed, fibre and fuel. Grain and sweet sorghums differ in a number of important traits including stem sugar and juice accumulation, plant height as well as grain and biomass production. The first whole genome sequence of a grain sorghum is available, but additional genome sequences are required to study genome-wide and intraspecific variation for dissecting the genetic basis of these important traits and for tailor-designed breeding of this important C4 crop.We resequenced two sweet and one grain sorghum inbred lines, and identified a set of nearly 1,500 genes differentiating sweet and grain sorghum. These genes fall into 10 major metabolic pathways involved in sugar and starch metabolisms, lignin and coumarin biosynthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, stress responses and DNA damage repair. In addition, we uncovered 1,057,018 SNPs, 99,948 indels of 1-10bp in length and 16,487 presence/absence variations as well as 17,111 CNVs. The majority of the large-effect SNPs, indels and presence/absence variations resided in the genes containing leucine rich repeats, PPR repeats and disease resistance R genes possessing diverse biological functions or under diversifying selection, but were absent in genes which are essential for life.
