墨西哥国家基因医学院科研人员11日宣布,成功破译了墨西哥民族的基因组图。
这一研究成果发表在最新一期美国《国家科学院学报》上。科研人员对来自墨西哥6个州的300多个梅斯蒂索人(欧洲人和美洲印第安人的混血人种)以及南部瓦哈卡地区30个土著人的基因样本进行了分析。
基因序列分析表明,墨西哥民族是由多达65个不同种族构成的,其中梅斯蒂索混血人种占到总数的85%左右,他们与欧洲人、非洲人和亚洲人存在明显差异。另外,墨西哥北部州人的基因组更接近于欧洲人,而南部州人的基因组更接近于美洲印第安人。
目前,甲型H1N1流感在墨西哥的致命率远高于世界其他地区。针对这一点,科研人员说,虽然目前还不能断言其中原因是墨西哥民族的基因构造不同,但破译墨西哥民族的基因序列后,对包括甲型H1N1流感在内的许多疾病的研究可能会大大深化。
墨西哥总统卡尔德龙还在发布会上宣布,这项研究成果将通过网络与全世界学术界免费共享。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推荐原始出处：
PNAS May 11, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0903045106
Analysis of genomic diversity in Mexican Mestizo populations to develop genomic medicine in Mexico
Irma Silva-Zolezzi,1, Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda,1, Jesus Estrada-Gil,1, Juan Carlos Fernandez-Lopez, Laura Uribe-Figueroa, Alejandra Contreras, Eros Balam-Ortiz, Laura del Bosque-Plata, David Velazquez-Fernandez, Cesar Lara, Rodrigo Goya, Enrique Hernandez-Lemus, Carlos Davila, Eduardo Barrientos, Santiago March and Gerardo Jimenez-Sanchez,2
Mexico is developing the basis for genomic medicine to improve healthcare of its population. The extensive study of genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium structure of different populations has made it possible to develop tagging and imputation strategies to comprehensively analyze common genetic variation in association studies of complex diseases. We assessed the benefit of a Mexican haplotype map to improve identification of genes related to common diseases in the Mexican population. We evaluated genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium patterns, and extent of haplotype sharing using genomewide data from Mexican Mestizos from regions with different histories of admixture and particular population dynamics. Ancestry was evaluated by including 1 Mexican Amerindian group and data from the HapMap. Our results provide evidence of genetic differences between Mexican subpopulations that should be considered in the design and analysis of association studies of complex diseases. In addition, these results support the notion that a haplotype map of the Mexican Mestizo population can reduce the number of tag SNPs required to characterize common genetic variation in this population. This is one of the first genomewide genotyping efforts of a recently admixed population in Latin America.
