近日，美国《小儿科》（Pediatrics）杂志网络版刊登澳大利亚一项新研究发现，孕期维生素D水平低的妇女，其孩子日后发生语言问题的几率更大。
这项以白人妇女为对象的新研究发现，怀孕中期血液中维生素D水平最低的妇女，其孩子发生语言困难问题的可能性是那些血液中维生素D水平最高孕妇所生孩子的两倍。
新研究调查了743名白人孕妇，研究人员在参数孕妇怀孕18周的时候，测量了其血液维生素D水平。之后，研究人员对这些孕妇所生孩子进行了有关情绪、行为、语言问题等方面的跟踪调查。这些孩子的父母分别在孩子2岁、5岁、8岁、10岁、14岁和17岁时，接受有关孩子行为问题的调查，研究人员于孩子5岁和10岁时对其进行了语言技能测试。
结果发现，怀孕中期维生素D水平最低的孕妇所生孩子，日后出现语言问题的几率是，怀孕中期维生素D水平最好的孕妇所生孩子的两倍。但是研究并没有发现，孕期维生素D水平与孩子日后情绪和行为之间存在关联性。研究人员将其他可能影响因素纳入考虑范畴之后，上述结果依然成立。这些因素包括：母亲妊娠年龄、是否吸烟、家庭收入等。
研究人员分析指出，维生素D在怀孕中期和晚期极重要，因为这两个阶段是胎儿涉及语言学习的大脑发育关键期，也是孩子大脑中各种“通道”和结构形成的关键期，对孩子日后情感及行为发展至关重要。
专家表示，很多孕妇血液维生素D水平偏低。为保证母婴健康，孕妇应该适当补充维生素D。补充维生素D主要有两种方式：一是食补，二是晒太阳。富含维生素D的食物包括：三文鱼、牛奶、鸡蛋、动物肝脏和奶酪等。不过，最主要的来源还是阳光照射皮肤产生的维生素D，正因为如此，维生素D又被称为“阳光维生素”。专家告诫，很多人从食物中摄入的维生素D远远不够，而很多女性因为爱美或害怕皮肤病等原因而限制晒太阳时间，并大量食用防晒霜，又会导致维生素D水平低下。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.017
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PMID:
Maternal Serum Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy and Offspring Neurocognitive Development
Andrew J. O. Whitehouse, PhD, Barbara J. Holt, BSc, Michael Serralha, BSc(Hons), Patrick G. Holt, DSc, Merci M. H. Kusel, MBBS, and Prue H. Hart, PhD
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between maternal serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations during a critical window of fetal neurodevelopment and behavioral, emotional, and language outcomes of offspring.
METHODS: Serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations of 743 Caucasian women in Perth, Western Australia (32°S) were measured at 18 weeks pregnancy and grouped into quartiles. Offspring behavior was measured with the Child Behavior Checklist at 2, 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17 years of age (n range = 412–652). Receptive language was assessed with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised at ages 5 (n = 534) and 10 (n = 474) years. Raw scores were converted to standardized scores, incorporating cutoffs for clinically significant levels of difficulty.
RESULTS: χ2 analyses revealed no significant associations between maternal 25(OH)-vitamin D serum quartiles and offspring behavioral/emotional problems at any age. In contrast, there were significant linear trends between quartiles of maternal vitamin D levels and language impairment at 5 and 10 years of age. Multivariate regression analyses, incorporating a range of confounding variables, found that the risk of women with vitamin D insufficiency (≤46 nmol/L) during pregnancy having a child with clinically significant language difficulties was increased close to twofold compared with women with vitamin D levels >70 nmol/L.
CONCLUSIONS: Maternal vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy is significantly associated with offspring language impairment. Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the risk of developmental language difficulties among their children.
