生物谷报道:台湾中研院生化所的王惠钧(Andrew H.-J.Wang)和王廷方(Ting-Fang Wang)博士领导的一个研究组发现RecA家族重组酶功能是充当DNA损伤修复的一种新型的回转马达蛋白质。研究组近期发表了两篇有关RecA家族重组酶的结构生物学相关文章。一篇文章发表9月12日的网络版杂志PLoS ONE上,另外一篇发表在今年2月28日的Nucleic Acids Reseach杂志上。
同源重组(HR)是精确修复受损DNA的一种机制,该过程利用来自同伴DNA的同源序列作为模板。这个过程包括将两个DNA分子集合在一起,搜索同源序列和交换DNA链。
RecA家族蛋白是同源重组的中心重组酶。这个家族的成员包括原核RecA、古细菌RadA和真核Rad51和Dmc1。它们在细胞增殖、基因组维护和遗传多样性中起到重要作用,尤其是在高等真核生物中。例如,缺少Rad51的脊椎动物细胞会累积染色体缺口。Rad51和它的减数分裂特异性同系物Dmc1也是减数分裂过程必不可少的酶。
自从研究人员发现RecA家族蛋白,研究人员就推测RecA和它的类似物只形成61右手螺旋细丝(每个螺旋由六个蛋白单体组成),然后水解ATP来促进同源重组和重组性的DNA修复。然而始终存在一个争议性的谜团——在链交换反应过程中,ATP能量如何促进DNA的旋转。
通过使用X射线晶体衍射和原子显微镜技术,王博士的研究组给出了这个问题的答案。他们报道说,古细菌Sulfolobus solfataricus的RadA蛋白还能够自我聚合成一种31右手螺旋细丝(每个螺旋有3个单体)和一种43右手螺旋细丝(每个螺旋有4个单体)。
另外的生物物理和生物化学分析揭示出RecA家族蛋白可能将ATP结合和水解过程以一种促进核蛋白顺时针旋转的方式来耦联到DNA链的交换过程中。尤其是61RadA螺旋细丝顺时针旋转变成31延伸的右手螺旋细丝,然后转化成43左手螺旋纤丝。因此,RadA蛋白中的所有DNA结合motifs一致运动来介导DNA结合、同源配对和链交换。因此,ATP能量不仅被用于DNA底物,而且还被RecA家族蛋白纤丝所利用。这种新的模型挑战了所有目前提出的假说。
王惠钧是台湾大学化学系所毕业,美国伊利诺大学香槟分校化学博士、麻省理工学院生物系博士后研究员到首席与资深研究员,伊大香槟分校细胞及结构生物学系教授,中研院分子生物研究所学术咨询委员,欧洲生物化学学报编者,台大生化科学所教授。
2000年当选中央研究院院士后,回台湾任中研院生物化学研究所特聘研究员兼所长至今,王惠钧又陆续接任中华民国生物物理学会理事长、台湾生物化学及分子生物学会理事长、台湾蛋白质体学会理事长、世界蛋白质体学会(HUPO)理事长、亚太蛋白质体学会(AOHUPO)理事;他还曾获美国生化及分生学会、美国化学研究所、美国科学促进协会等的名誉会员殊荣。
王惠钧一直致力提升台湾的生化学术水平,运用他生物结构学研究专长,展开生物结构学与功能基因体学的探讨,以了解重要的生物系统功能,主要技术平台有高效能的蛋白质同步辐射结晶学与蛋白质体学,其它先进技术也可在需要时加入使用。
目前他正在努力四项领域,结构酶学是研究几个具药物发展潜力的酶群,如蛋白质分解酶、醣化酶、磷酸水解酶、prenyltransferases;蛋白质-DNA与抗癌药物-DNA交互作用是研究DNA结合蛋白和重要的抗癌药物与DNA的交互作用。
原始出处:
PLoS one
Received: July 20, 2007; Accepted: August 16, 2007; Published: September 12, 2007
Structural and Functional Analyses of Five Conserved Positively Charged Residues in the L1 and N-Terminal DNA Binding Motifs of Archaeal RadA Protein
Li-Tzu Chen1,3, Tzu-Ping Ko3, Yu-Wei Chang1,3, Kuei-An Lin3, Andrew H.-J. Wang1,2,3,4*, Ting-Fang Wang1,3*
1 Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 2 Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 3 Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 4 National Core Facility of High-Throughput Protein Crystallography, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
RecA family proteins engage in an ATP-dependent DNA strand exchange reaction that includes a ssDNA nucleoprotein helical filament and a homologous dsDNA sequence. In spite of more than 20 years of efforts, the molecular mechanism of homology pairing and strand exchange is still not fully understood. Here we report a crystal structure of Sulfolobus solfataricus RadA overwound right-handed filament with three monomers per helical pitch. This structure reveals conformational details of the first ssDNA binding disordered loop (denoted L1 motif) and the dsDNA binding N-terminal domain (NTD). L1 and NTD together form an outwardly open palm structure on the outer surface of the helical filament. Inside this palm structure, five conserved basic amino acid residues (K27, K60, R117, R223 and R229) surround a 25 Å pocket that is wide enough to accommodate anionic ssDNA, dsDNA or both. Biochemical analyses demonstrate that these five positively charged residues are essential for DNA binding and for RadA-catalyzed D-loop formation. We suggest that the overwound right-handed RadA filament represents a functional conformation in the homology search and pairing reaction. A new structural model is proposed for the homologous interactions between a RadA-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament and its dsDNA target.
Received: July 20, 2007; Accepted: August 16, 2007; Published: September 12, 2007
Figure 1. Crystal packing and quaternary structures.
(A) SsoRadA protomers packed into three extended helical filaments. Chain A was located at the origin of the unit cell, whereas chains B and C were located one-third and two-third diagonal to the unit cell. (B) Side view of the SsoRadA right-handed helical filament crystal structure. The helical pitch of the filament is 98 Å. Each protomer is shown in a different color. The N-terminal domain (NTD), polymerization motif (PM), and central ATPase domain are indicated. (C) The Phe73 of the PM is buried in the hydrophobic pocket of the neighboring ATPase domain. Several hydrophobic residues that interact with the Phe73 side chain are indicated. The interactions result in the assembly of SsoRadA protomers into a filament. 2Fo–Fc electron density maps (contoured at 1.0 σ), corresponding to the PM are shown in orange.
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