研究人员说,亚马逊流域容纳了大约1.6万种不同的树种,但是其中227种——只有总数的1.4%——占了该雨林中树的几乎一半。这一发现意味着亚马逊生态系统——它是全世界最丰富及最多元化的生态系统——依赖于极小的一组物种。
Hans ter Steege及一个超过100位同事的团队对在亚马逊流域遍布的1170个不同树区中的任何茎干粗过3.9英寸(10厘米)的树木进行了编目。他们的分析对整个亚马逊的树木物种的丰富、稀少及富有程度提供了新的细节。在此之前,在那部分世界中的有关树木物种的组成及分布的数据一直十分稀少,并局限于本地及区域性的尺度之内。
实际上,研究人员甚至一直不知道亚马逊最常见的树种是什么。但是,由于这项新的研究,人们如今知道它是串珠埃塔棕Euterpe precatoria棕榈。由研究人员确定为“高度主宰的”227种树往往特别出现于某些栖息地,使得它们局限于1或2种森林——例如沼泽森林、陆地森林或白沙森林。总而言之,这些数据可在未来对保护工作及气候科学家的工作有帮助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1243092
Hyperdominance in the Amazonian Tree Flora
Hans ter Steege1,2,*, Nigel C. A. Pitman3,4, Daniel Sabatier5, Christopher Baraloto6, Rafael P. Salom?o7, Juan Ernesto Guevara8, Oliver L. Phillips9, Carolina V. Castilho10, William E. Magnusson11, Jean-Fran?ois Molino5
The vast extent of the Amazon Basin has historically restricted the study of its tree communities to the local and regional scales. Here, we provide empirical data on the commonness, rarity, and richness of lowland tree species across the entire Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia), collected in 1170 tree plots in all major forest types. Extrapolations suggest that Amazonia harbors roughly 16,000 tree species, of which just 227 (1.4%) account for half of all trees. Most of these are habitat specialists and only dominant in one or two regions of the basin. We discuss some implications of the finding that a small group of species—less diverse than the North American tree flora—accounts for half of the world’s most diverse tree community.