看到可爱的猫咪,不少人喜欢上前抚摸它。这时,有的猫咪会躲开,有的则会表现出享受爱抚的样子。一项国际研究则显示,抚摸会增加猫咪的压力;有的猫咪之所以“容忍”抚摸,是因为它们较为“大度”,其结果是让自己承受更大压力。
抚摸增压力
英国林肯大学、奥地利兽医大学和巴西圣保罗大学的动物行为专家开展一项联合研究,检测不同品种的猫咪被抚摸前后的压力激素水平。结果显示,猫咪在被人抚摸后会释放出与焦虑有关的激素,换句话说,猫咪不喜欢被抚摸。有的猫咪虽然忍受被抚摸,但实际上它们因此承受的压力比不忍受抚摸还要大。
英国《每日邮报》8日援引林肯大学兽医行为医学教授丹尼尔·米尔斯的话报道:“我们的研究数据显示,对抚摸持‘宽容’态度的猫咪……承受的压力最大。”
研究人员据此建议爱猫人士:考虑到猫咪的感受,最好不要不停抚摸它们。
群居助减压
为了解猫咪如何适应与人和其他猫咪共同生活,研究人员观察家中养一只、两只或三只以上的猫咪,检测“独居”猫咪和过“集体生活”猫咪的压力激素水平,发现2岁以下独居猫咪承受的压力高于群居猫咪,推翻先前人们普遍认为的猫咪适宜独居的观念。
米尔斯说:“一些人在家中养多只猫,有人认为这不利于猫咪的福利。我们的研究显示,并非如此。它们之间即便成不了好朋友,也能够通过适当组织分配来避免压力。”
动物行为专家建议家中饲养多只猫咪的主人,应让猫咪选择如何分享活动空间,并给每只猫咪安排专属的进食、排泄场所。
相关研究报告由最新一期《生理学与行为》发表。
压力致反常
人在压力之下会出现生理及心理上的不良反应,猫咪同样如此。
英国布里斯托尔大学猫行为学家约翰·布拉德肖说,压力可能导致猫咪容易患上湿疹等皮肤病或膀胱炎等疾病。生活在城市中的猫咪由于活动空间小、压力大,常会出现打斗等脱离秩序的行为。
不过,宠物猫对主人的减压作用不可小视。美国明尼苏达大学先前一项研究显示,养猫可以将一个人突发心脏病和中风的几率降低至少三分之一。研究负责人阿德南·库雷希教授认为,轻拍猫咪会降低人血液中与压力有关的激素分泌量,压力减轻后,人的血压会随之降低,心率会下降,患心脏病的风险会减少。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Physiology & Behavior doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.08.028
Are cats (Felis catus) from multi-cat households more stressed? Evidence from assessment of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite analysis
D. Ramosa,A. Reche-Juniora, P.L. Fragosoa, R. Palmeb, N.K. Yanassea, V.R. Gouvêaa, A. Beckc, D.S.Millsd
Given the social and territorial features described in feral cats, it is commonly assumed that life in multi-cat households is stressful for domestic cats and suggested that cats kept as single pets are likely to have better welfare. On the other hand, it has been hypothesized that under high densities cats can organize themselves socially thus preventing stress when spatial dispersion is unavailable. This study was aimed at comparing the general arousal underpinning emotional distress in single housed cats and in cats from multi-cat households (2 and 3–4 cats) on the basis of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (GCM) measured via enzyme immunoassay (EIA). GCM did not significantly vary as a function of living style (single, double or group-housing); highly stressed individuals were equally likely in the three groups. Young cats in multi-cat households had lower GCM, and overall cats that tolerate (as opposed to dislike) petting by the owners tended to have higher GCM levels. Other environmental aspects within cat houses (e.g. relationship with humans, resource availability) may play a more important role in day to day feline arousal levels than the number of cats per se.