科学家在鬣狗粪便化石中发现早期人类头发,该发现表明早期人类曾被鬣狗吞食
据英国每日邮报报道,目前,科学家在鬣狗粪便化石中发现人类头发,暗示着早期人类曾被鬣狗吞食。
这些粪便化石标本是前几年在南非境内格拉迪斯瓦勒洞穴中发现的,但直到近期才被科学家分析,鉴别出化石中包含着早期人类头发。非洲科学家认为,25万年前鬣狗可能猎食早期人类,或者吞食过人类的尸体残骸,最终吞下了人类头发。
非洲研究人员认为,鬣狗曾猎食25万年前早期人类或者吞食过早期人类的尸体,但同时并不排除鬣狗仅喜好吞食人类头发的可能性。
然而,并不排除鬣狗只喜好吞食人类头发的可能性,威特沃特斯兰德大学研究员指出,这些粪便化石发现于南非斯托克方丹峡谷的一个洞穴中。
格拉迪斯瓦勒洞穴是一个复杂的洞穴系统,由多个地下洞穴构成,深度可达65米。菲利普-塔鲁(Phillip Taru)和露辛达-贝克威尔(Lucinda Backwell)将该研究报告发表在《考古科学期刊》上,声称棕色鬣狗曾漫步在大草原上寻找猎物,与现今鬣狗的生活方式较接近。
这些粪便化石标本是几年前在南非格拉迪斯瓦勒洞穴中发现的,直到近期才被科学家研究分析,鉴别其中包含着人类头发。
此外,科学家在粪便化石中还发现其它动物的毛发,例如:疣猪、斑马、黑斑羚、弯角羚等。科学家重点检查了化石标本中人类头发横截面和头屑类型,他们指出,这些早期人类具有病理特征的缺少头屑。甚至暗示人类祖先由于严重磨损,导致发质较差,他们生活在岩石洞穴,经常磨损头发,导致头屑大量减少。
在12个化石标本中共发现48根头发,科学家是使用小镊子从化石中提取出来,在电子扫描显微镜下观察的。他们通过对比15种南非哺乳动物最终确定了这些毛发的来源。
这项最新研究有助于科学家更好地洞悉更新世中期哺乳动物种群的生活方式,以及它们如何与非洲次大陆早期人类的生活结合在一起。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Journal of Archaeological Science doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.04.031
Identification of fossil hairs in Parahyaena brunnea coprolites from Middle Pleistocene deposits at Gladysvale cave, South Africa
Phillip Tarua,Lucinda Backwella
This research focuses on scale pattern and cross sectional morphology of hair to identify an expanded sample of fossil hairs from Parahyaena brunnea coprolites from Gladysvale cave in the Sterkfontein Valley, South Africa. The coprolites are part of a brown hyaena latrine preserved in calcified cave sediment dated to the Middle Pleistocene (257–195 ka). Forty-eight fossil hairs were extracted from 12 coprolites using fine tweezers and a binocular microscope, and examined using a scanning electron microscope. Hair identification was based on consultation of standard guides to hair identification and comparison with our own collection of samples of guard hairs from 15 previously undocumented taxa of indigenous southern African mammals. Samples were taken from the back of pelts curated at the Johannesburg Zoo and Ditsong National Museum of Natural History (formerly Transvaal Museum, Pretoria). Based on the fossil hairs identified here, this research has established that brown hyaenas shared the Sterkfontein Valley with hominins, warthog, impala, zebra and kudu. Apart from humans, these animals are associated with savanna grasslands, much like the Highveld environment of today. These findings support the previous tentative identification of fossil human hair in the coprolites, provide a new source of information on the local Middle Pleistocene fossil mammal community, and insight into the environment in which archaic and emerging modern humans in the interior of the African subcontinent lived.