据上周《自然》杂志发表的一项模拟研究显示,全球气候变暖将会持续一段时间,而时间的长短将取决于未来温室气体排放量。不幸的是,受全球气候变暖影响最大的国家都是世界上最贫穷和生物多样性最丰富的国家。
美国夏威夷大学马诺阿分校Camilo Mora教授与其科研团队集合了所有气候模型,为不同地区预测什么时候会打破1860至2005年以来的气候常规。他们发现,若以目前的温室气体排放量作预测,近地面空气温度的逆转将于2047年发生。但在“排放稳定”的情况下,逆转也有可能会推迟到2069年。热带地区将会比全球平均提早几十年感受到“新型气候”。由于热带地区是大部分物种和低收入人民的栖息地,学者认为减少温室气体排放是保护这些物种和人民的唯一方法。
在这之前大多数的研究只对某一年的气候(例如2100年)进行评估,或只推测变暖会持续到什么时候。这次的研究却为不同地区的气候确定什么时候会出现变化,所得数据将有助研究地区性生态和社会系统。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Nature doi:10.1038/nature12540
The projected timing of climate departure from recent variability
Camilo Mora,Abby G. Frazier,Ryan J. Longman,Rachel S. Dacks,Maya M. Walton,Eric J. Tong,Joseph J. Sanchez,Lauren R. Kaiser,Yuko O. Stender,James M. Anderson,Christine M. Ambrosino,Iria Fernandez-Silva,Louise M. Giuseffi & Thomas W. Giambelluca
Ecological and societal disruptions by modern climate change are critically determined by the time frame over which climates shift beyond historical analogues. Here we present a new index of the year when the projected mean climate of a given location moves to a state continuously outside the bounds of historical variability under alternative greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. Using 1860 to 2005 as the historical period, this index has a global mean of 2069 (±18 years s.d.) for near-surface air temperature under an emissions stabilization scenario and 2047 (±14 years s.d.) under a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario. Unprecedented climates will occur earliest in the tropics and among low-income countries, highlighting the vulnerability of global biodiversity and the limited governmental capacity to respond to the impacts of climate change. Our findings shed light on the urgency of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions if climates potentially harmful to biodiversity and society are to be prevented.