肥胖责任在于你的基因吗？近日，研究人员发表论文称：某些“肥胖基因”变异个体倾向于吃更多的饭菜和小吃，每天消耗更多的热量、高脂肪以及含糖的食物。
他们的研究成果刊登在American Journal of Clinical Nutrition杂志上，该研究揭示FTO和BDNF（脑源性神经营养因子）基因的某些变异在饮食习惯中可能发挥的作用，进而可导致某些人肥胖。
研究结果表明除了采用其他健康的生活习惯如定期进行身体活动外，改变一个人的饮食模式和食物的选择也可能会减少肥胖的遗传风险。
研究人员表示：了解我们的基因是如何影响肥胖的很关键，但重要的是要知道仅靠改变遗传因素并不意味肥胖是可避免的。
当涉及到我们体重是轻或重时，不考虑遗传因素时，我们生活方式的选择是至关重要的。发现的肥胖遗传标记可能便于今后针对该标记物的干预措施来控制那些有遗传倾向的肥胖患者的体重。
此前有研究表明肥胖相关基因FTO和脑源性神经营养因子在肥胖患者中发生变异的风险大大提高。研究还证实这两个基因也与孩子暴饮暴食有关，但FTO和BDNF在大脑中控制饮食和食欲的确切机制仍是未知的。
FTO基因的变异与膳食和零食的选择特别显著相关，FTO基因变异的人每天摄取更多脂肪、油和甜食脂肪成分。
研究人员发现肥胖基因对体重的影响，这些基因至少可以通过控制饮食摄入的模式来影响我们体重。好消息是通过改变饮食习惯，我们也许能够改变这些的饮食习惯以减少肥胖的遗传风险。（生物谷：Bioon.com）
doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.026955
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Obesity susceptibility loci and dietary intake in the Look AHEAD Trial.
J. M. McCaffery, G. D. Papandonatos, I. Peter, G. S. Huggins, H. A. Raynor, L. M. Delahanty, L. J. Cheskin, A. Balasubramanyam, L. E. Wagenknecht, R. R. Wing.
Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified consistent associations with obesity. However, the mechanisms remain unclear.
Objective: The objective was to determine the association between obesity susceptibility loci and dietary intake.
Design: The association of GWAS-identified obesity risk alleles (FTO, MC4R, SH2B1, BDNF, INSIG2, TNNI3K, NISCH-STAB1, MTIF3, MAP2K5, QPCTL/GIPR, and PPARG) with dietary intake, measured through food-frequency questionnaires, was investigated in 2075 participants from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) clinical trial. We adjusted for age, sex, population stratification, and study site.
Results: Obesity risk alleles at FTO rs1421085 significantly predicted more eating episodes per day (P = 0.001)—an effect that persisted after adjustment for body weight (P = 0.004). Risk variants within BDNF were significantly associated with more servings from the dairy product and the meat, eggs, nuts, and beans food groups (P ≤ 0.004). The risk allele at SH2B1 rs4788099 was significantly associated with more servings of dairy products (P = 0.001), whereas the risk allele at TNNI3K rs1514176 was significantly associated with a lower percentage of energy from protein (P = 0.002).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that obesity risk loci may affect the pattern and content of food consumption among overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Look AHEAD Genetic Ancillary Study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01270763 and the Look AHEAD study as NCT00017953.
